Unraveling the Nexus: Exploring the Complex Relationship Between Diabetes and Periodontitis

Abstract

The intricate interplay between diabetes and periodontitis has garnered significant attention due to their bidirectional relationship and shared pathogenic mechanisms. This review delves into the multifaceted association between diabetes and periodontitis, encompassing epidemiological evidence, underlying pathophysiological pathways, and clinical implications. Epidemiological studies consistently demonstrate a higher prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in individuals with diabetes, highlighting the impact of glycemic control on periodontal health. Shared pathogenic mechanisms, including inflammation, immune dysregulation, and impaired wound healing, contribute to the mutual exacerbation of diabetes and periodontitis. Furthermore, periodontal inflammation may adversely affect glycemic control and contribute to the progression of diabetes-related complications. Clinical management strategies encompass interdisciplinary collaboration, emphasizing comprehensive periodontal care, glycemic control, and lifestyle modifications. Precision medicine approaches hold promise for tailored interventions targeting specific subsets of diabetic patients with periodontitis. This review elucidates the complex interplay between diabetes and periodontitis, underscoring the importance of integrated care models and personalized treatment approaches in optimizing patient outcomes.